Crop Rotation Group
Miscellaneous
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Soil
Fertile, well-drained soil with a slightly acidic pH.
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Position
Full sun.
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Frost tolerant
Very limited. Kumquats are semi-tropical trees or bushes with little tolerance for cold. The popular ‘Nagami’ and ‘Meiwa’ varieties are hardy only to about 20°F (-7°C).
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Feeding
Feed twice a year by spreading rich compost or a high nitrogen organic fertilizer over the root zone of the tree.
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Companions
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Spacing
Single Plants: 9' 10" (3.00m) each way (minimum)
Rows: 9' 10" (3.00m) with 9' 10" (3.00m) row gap (minimum)
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Sow and Plant
Most kumquats are grafted to improve vigor and pest resistance. Purchased plants of better cultivars start bearing two to three years after planting. Set out purchased plants in late winter or early spring, setting the plant so the root ball is 1 inch (2 cm) above the soil line. Water deeply every 10 days during periods of dry weather. Kumquat trees are self-fertile and can be grown as single specimens. If planting in containers, use the largest planter you can manage if you live in a cold climate where the plant will be brought indoors in winter.
Our Garden Planning Tool can produce a personalized calendar of when to sow, plant and harvest for your area.
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Notes
Native to China and a symbol of good luck in several Asian cultures, kumquats are the smallest and most cold hardy of edible citrus. The best-tasting varieties have edible skins and flesh, and they are sweet enough to eat fresh. Ripening in winter, kumquats make wonderful marmalade, or they can be candied and preserved whole. The ‘Meiwa’ round kumquat is sweeter than most, and easy to grow in home landscapes. A kumquat can be grown as an indoor-outdoor houseplant if you have a warm, sunny place for it to spend the winter. Kumquats need little pruning beyond snipping out injured branches after the fruits are harvested. In areas where they grow well, kumquats are sometimes pruned into topiary.
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Harvesting
Kumquats bloom and set fruit over several weeks, so the crop does not ripen all at once. Most kumquats turn bright orange as they ripen, with overripe fruits falling from the plants. Refrigerate harvested fruits until you can preserve them.
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Troubleshooting
Kumquats have few pest problems, but should be watched carefully in areas where other citrus fruits are commercially grown for the appearance of economically important citrus pests and diseases. Before bringing container-grown kumquats indoors for the winter, check plants for aphids and other unwanted pests.
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